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Biomarkers have become pivotal in histopathology, offering insights into cellular processes and disease states. p16 and Ki-67 are two such biomarkers that have gained attention for their roles in cell cycle regulation and proliferation.
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining is a widely used histological technique that allows for the identification and visualization of certain carbohydrates, such as glycogen and mucopolysaccharides, within tissue samples.
p16 and Ki-67 are pivotal biomarkers for cervical precancer detection, serving as important indicators of cell cycle regulation and proliferation. The p16 protein is typically expressed in response to the activation of oncogenes such as HPV, while Ki-67 reflects cellular growth.
PASM-Masson staining is a crucial histological technique utilized in pathological diagnosis that highlights specific tissue components. This staining method applies the combination of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome, aiding in the differentiation of various cellular structures.
Test results from an IHC stainer play a pivotal role in both diagnostics and subsequent treatment pathways. The accurate interpretation of these results can lead to tailored therapeutic strategies that align with a patient's specific condition.
HER2 positive cancer refers to a type of cancer that tests positive for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein. This receptor is part of a network that regulates cell growth and division. When there is an overexpression of HER2, it leads to more aggressive tumor growth and a higher likelihood of metastasis.
Progesterone receptors (PR) play a role, in controlling reproductive functions and are essential for maintaining reproductive health by responding to progesterone effects in the body. They function by interacting with the progesterone hormone to trigger responses necessary for reproduction.
ER positive breast cancer is characterized by the presence of estrogen receptors on the surface of the tumor cells. In this context, estrogen plays a significant role in promoting the growth of these cancer cells.
HER2, or Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2, is a protein that plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and division. It is a member of the HER family of receptors, which are found on the surface of cells. In the context of breast cancer, HER2 is noteworthy due to its role as an oncogene.